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Vaccination Programs: Home Visits to Increase Vaccination Rates

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An Evidence-Based Practice

Description

Home visitors assess clients’ vaccination status, discuss the importance of recommended vaccinations, and either provide vaccinations to clients in their homes or refer them to other services. Home visits may be conducted by vaccination providers (e.g., nurses) or others (e.g., social workers, community health workers).

Interventions may be directed to everyone in a designated population (e.g., low-income single mothers), or to those who have not responded to other intervention efforts, such as client reminder and recall systems.

Programs may be implemented alone or as part of a larger healthcare system or community-based program to increase vaccination rates.

Impact

The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends home visits to increase vaccination rates in children and adults. The CPSTF notes, however, that economic evidence shows home visits can be resource-intensive and costly relative to other options.

Results / Accomplishments

The systematic review included 23 studies. Of these, 20 studies with 21 study arms used a common measure of change in vaccination rates.

Overall vaccination rates increased by a median of 11 percentage points (20 studies with 21 study arms).

Home visits led to meaningful improvements in vaccination rates when used in the following ways:
-With all clients in a designated population (12 study arms)
-With only clients who did not respond to other interventions (9 study arms)
-When focused on vaccinations alone (12 study arms)
-When used to address vaccinations and other health concerns (9 study arms)
-When vaccinations were provided on-site (8 study arms)
-When clients were referred to vaccination services outside the home (13 study arms)
-As the sole intervention (8 study arms)
-As part of a larger healthcare system or community-based program (13 study arms)

About this Promising Practice

Primary Contact
The Community Guide
1600 Clifton Rd, NE
MS H21-8
Atlanta, GA 30329
(404) 498-1827
communityguide@cdc.gov
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/
Topics
Health / Immunizations & Infectious Diseases
For more details
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/vaccina...

Related Promising Practices

  1. Vaccination Programs: Community-Based Interventions Implemented in Combination
  2. Vaccination Programs: Immunization Information Systems
  3. CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Universally Recommended Vaccinations: Home Visits to Increase Vaccination Rates
  4. CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Interventions to Promote Seasonal Influenza Vaccinations among Healthcare Workers
  5. CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Interventions to Promote Seasonal Influenza Vaccinations among Non-Healthcare Workers
  6. CDC COMMUNITY GUIDE: Universally Recommended Vaccinations: Vaccination Programs in Schools & Organized Child Care Centers

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An Evidence-Based Practice meets the following HCI criteria:

  1. The program description includes at a minimum: the sponsoring organization, program goals, program implementation steps, and outcomes that have demonstrated program success in achieving the program goal in one or more localities.
  2. The results from an evaluation of the program include quantitative measures showing improvement in the outcome(s) of interest after the implementation of the program (i.e. increase in smoking cessation, not just the delivery of a smoking cessation program). The outcome measure(s) is/are compared at relevant time periods before and after the intervention or program implementation. Alternatively, the evaluation study compares the outcome(s) between an intervention group and an appropriate control group.
  3. The study is of peer-review quality and presents numbers in a scientific manner; measurements of precision and reliability are included (e.g. confidence intervals, standard errors), results from statistical tests show a significant difference or change in the outcome measure(s), and relevant point estimates and p-values are presented. Note: if the results from an evaluation of a program are presented in a scientific manner and the outcome measure is improved compared to the baseline measurement or the control group but the difference is not statistically significant, the practice is classified as effective and not evidence-based.